The mechanical properties of metallic materials refer to the behaviors exhibited by metallic materials under the action of external loads or the combined action of loads and environmental factors (temperature, medium and loading rate). The common mechanical properties of metals are shown in the following table: Mechanical properties of metals Common mechanical property indicators of metals Strength Yield strength, tensile strength, fracture strength Plasticity Elongation, reduction of area, strain strengthening index Elasticity Elastic modulus (stiffness), elastic limit, proportional limit Hardness Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness Resilience Static toughness, impact toughnes

                                           Large ring forging process Large rings usually refer to metal rings with a diameter of more than 1m, such as rotary supports on port machinery and mining machinery, offshore wind power yaw rotor bearings, tower flanges, nuclear reactor shells, heavy carrier rocket fuel storage tank connection rings, etc., which are important parts in machinery, energy, national defense and other industrial fields. Due to the harsh working conditions, this kind of ring usually needs to have a high comprehensive mechanical properties, at present, the main method of forging production, that is, forging and then rolling forming, the main process is: blanking → heating → billet → (reheating) → rolling → heat treatment → mechanical processing, as shown in the figure. 1. Cut the material Commonly used raw materials are continuous casting round billet, square billet, round ingot, round steel and large round corner square steel, etc. General raw materials need to be strictly inspected after entering the factory. The common cutting methods mainly include cutting by sawing machine (band saw, disc saw), electric discharge processing, gas cutting, and cutting by press after drawing the multi-angle ingot. Among them, the cutting of sawing machine is the most common application, and the specific cutting method should be reasonably selected according to the actual situation of cutting quality requirements, cutting cost, productivity and so on.   2.heat

Introduction: With the increasing attention of the world to sustainable development, the forging industry, as an important part of the manufacturing industry, is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. This article will discuss how forging enterprises can achieve green transformation by adopting new technologies while facing environmental pressure, and share several successful cases in order to provide reference and inspiration for other enterprises in the industry.   Main contents: 1. Application of green technology Green technologies such as low carbon materials, high efficiency equipment and intelligent production system are introduced. Analyze how these technologies can help forging companies reduce energy consumption, reduce waste emissions, and improve product quality and production efficiency.   2. Analysis of successful cases - In-depth analysis of how a well-known forging company used advanced automated production lines and digital management platforms to not only achieve cost control, but also significantly enhance its competitiveness in the global market. - Explore how the company has effectively reduced its carbon footprint through continuous technological innovation while maintaining production efficiency.   3. Industry trend outlook - Predict what new development opportunities the forging industry will usher in in the next few years with policy support and technological progress. - Discuss how companies should actively embrace change and seize opportunities to achieve long-term sustainability.   4. Expert opinion - Highlight the importance of technological innovation to facilitate the shift to a more environmentally friendly and efficient model across the industry, citing industry experts. - Share their views and suggestio

With the development of modern industry, the requirements for material properties are increasing day by day. Among many materials, low-temperature steel is favored for its excellent low-temperature performance and is widely used in important fields such as aerospace and nuclear energy. However, how to effectively control the forging process parameters of low-temperature steel forgings to ensure their performance and quality has become an urgent problem to be solved in the industry.   一, the importance of low temperature steel forging process parameters   Forging is a processing method that causes plastic deformation of metal materials by applying pressure, and it is an important means to manufacture high-quality metal parts. In the forging process, the selection and control of parameters such as temperature, pressure and deformation speed directly determine the quality and performance of the forging. Especially for low-temperature steel forgings, the choice of forging process parameters is more critical, because the mechanical properties of low-temperature steel change significantly in the low-temperature environment, which requires high heat treatment in the forging process.   二. Analysis of forging process parameters of low-temperature steel forgings   1. Temperature control: low temperature steel forging temperature range is narrow, too high temperature will lead to coarse grain material, reduce material strength; However, too low temperature will cause the plasticity of the material to decrease and increase the difficulty of forging. Therefore, it is very important to choose the right forging temperature range. 2, the size of the pressure: the size of the forging pressure directly affects the change of the internal structure of the forging, thus affecting its mechanical properties. For low-temperature steel, the

1. How to prevent cracks in high manganese steel castings   1). Structural design of castings Structural problems such as too large a difference in wall thickness of castings, improper wall thickness transition, and too small fillet transition of castings are prone to cracks. Therefore, casting design should be closely combined with the casting process to avoid unreasonable casting design. For example, you can change the "+" cross section to a "T" shaped cross section, etc. 2). Casting process design (including various process factors and pouring system) Among the various factors in the casting process, the most important one is the concession of the casting mold, followed by the unreasonable design of the sand box. For example, box reinforcements may cause cracks if they hinder shrinkage. Therefore, there must be a certain distance between the box reinforcements and the castings and risers. If the gating system is improperly designed, multiple ingates that are introduced separately often crack at the connection with the ingates because they hinder the shrinkage of the casting. It should be pointed out in particular that at the inlet of the casting, the local temperature is high and it finally solidifies. Since insufficient feeding is not obtained, the shrinkage stress causes the casting to crack, so riser feeding is generally provided at the ingate. 3).

The properties of magnesium alloy at room temperature and high temperature are improved by precipitation hardening caused by solid strengthening and aging treatment.   The commonly used heat treatment methods of magnesium alloy mainly include solution treatment, aging treatment and annealing treatment, etc. The choice of heat treatment method mainly depends on the type of alloy and service conditions. In the actual production, the appropriate treatment process should be selected according to the requirements of mechanical properties, such as solid solution treatment can improve the yield strength and tensile strength of alloy plastic solid solution aging treatment.   () AnnealingThe plastic deformation ability of magnesium alloy is reduced by residual stress and uneven distribution of microstructure. These defects can be effectively reduced or eliminated by annealing process to improve the plasticity of magnesium alloys and prepare for subsequent processing.Fully annealed (0)To eliminate the deformation strengthening effect in the plastic deformation process, restore and improve its plasticity for subsequent deformation processing.Full annealing is very effective in eliminating work hardening and can restore and improve the working plasticity of the material. Since the deformation of magnesium alloy is generally carried out at high temperature, the deformed alloy is rarely completely annealed. This process can be used as the final heat treatment for some magnesium alloys with not obvious heat treatment strengthening effect.The temperature range of complete annealing is 300~400℃, the holding time is 3~8h, and the process parameters are selected appropriately according to the type of alloy and the degree of deformation.   Stress relief annealing (T2): eliminate the residual stress caused by the casting and processing of deformed magnesium alloy products.Stress relief anne

Annealing and quenching aging are the basic heat treatment forms of aluminum alloy. Annealing is a softening process. Its purpose is to make the alloy tend to be uniform and stable in composition and structure, eliminate work hardening, and restore the plasticity of the alloy. Quenching aging is a strengthening heat treatment, the purpose is to improve the strength of the alloy, mainly used in heat-treatable aluminum alloy.   一.annealingAccording to the different production demand, aluminum alloy annealing ingot homogenization annealing, blank annealing, intermediate annealing and finished annealing several forms.First, ingot homogenization annealingIn the condition of rapid condensation and non-equilibrium crystallization, ingot must have non-uniformity in composition and structure, and there is also a great internal stress. In order to change this situation and improve the thermal processing property of the ingot, it is generally necessary to carry out homogenization annealing. In order to promote the diffusion of atoms, homogenization annealing should choose a higher annealing temperature, but not more than the alloy low melting point eutectic melting point, the general homogenization annealing temperature is lower than the melting point 5~40℃, the annealing time is more between 12~24h. 二. blank annealingBlank annealing refers to the annealing before the first cold deformation in the process of pressure machining. The aim is to give the billet a balanced structure and maximum plastic deformation capacity. For example, the final rolling temperature of aluminum alloy hot rolled slab is 280~330℃, and the work hardening phenomenon can not be completely eliminated after rapid cooling at room temperature. Especially for heat-treated aluminum alloy, after fast cooling, the recrystallization process does not end, and the supersaturated solid solution is not completely decomposed, and some work hardening a